An aging model uses mathematical descriptions of relevant processes that predicts the degradation of lithium-ion batteries over time. It captures the effects of various factors, such as temperature, state of charge, and cycling patterns, on battery life and performance. Aging models typically consider capacity fade and increased internal resistance as primary indicators of battery aging. By predicting the battery's state of health (SoH) and estimating its remaining useful life, aging models help optimize battery management strategies, plan for maintenance or replacement, and improve the overall performance and reliability of battery-powered systems.